Blowout preventer is used to close the wellhead during oil testing, well repair, and completion operations to prevent blowout accidents. It combines the functions of full sealing and semi sealing, and has the characteristics of simple structure, easy operation, and high pressure resistance. It is a commonly used safety sealing wellhead device in oil fields to prevent blowout.
During oil drilling, a blowout device installed on the wellhead casing head is used to control high-pressure oil, gas, and water. When the oil and gas pressure in the well is very high, the blowout preventer can seal (shut off) the wellhead. When heavy mud is pressed into the drill pipe, there is a four-way valve under its gate, which can replace the mud that has been invaded by gas, increase the pressure of the liquid column in the well, and suppress the high-pressure oil and gas injection.
It is classified into ordinary blowout preventers, universal blowout preventers, and rotary blowout preventers. A universal blowout preventer can be activated in emergency situations to handle drilling tools and empty wells of any size; Rotating blowout preventers can achieve simultaneous spraying and drilling operations. In deep well drilling, in addition to the two types of ordinary blowout preventers, a universal blowout preventer and a rotary blowout preventer are often added, so that three or four types of combinations are installed at the wellhead.
Wellhead blowout preventer group: annular blowout preventer, ram blowout preventer, four-way, etc.
Common classification of blowout preventers:
Hydraulic blowouts mainly come in two forms: ram blowouts and annular blowouts.
The ram of the ram blowout preventer can be divided into four types: fully sealed, semi sealed, variable diameter, and shear.
The type of annular blowout preventer can be divided into conical annular blowout preventer and spherical annular blowout preventer according to the shape of its sealing core.